Cigarette Smoke Induces the Risk of Metabolic Bone Diseases: Transforming Growth Factor Beta Signaling Impairment via Dysfunctional Primary Cilia Affects Migration, Proliferation, and Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
It is well established that smoking has a detrimental effect on the integrity of the bone and is preventable risk factor for metabolic bone disorders. Following orthopedic surgery, smokers often exhibit delayed fracture healing is associate d with Rabbit Clia Kits many complications, resulting in a prolonged hospital stay. One important factor that is responsible for fracture repair is the recruitment and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the early stages, the mechanism mediated by transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Although it is known that smokers often experience decreased levels of TGF-β, little is known about the signal is actually happening in these patients. We investigated the effects of cigarette smoke on the TGF-β signaling in the MSC to evaluate the steps in the pathway are affected by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Single-cell-derived human mesenchymal stem cell line (SCP-1 cells) were treated with CSE concentration associated with smok...